Most Wanted Inorganic Chemistry for JEE and NEET: 10+ Tricks

Chirag Gupta

4 months ago

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This post is a comprehensive document that covers essential tricks in inorganic chemistry for JEE and NEET exams. This resource provides a tricks to learn key concepts and principles in the subject. Students preparing for these exams get benefit greatly from this comprehensive guide.

Electrochemical Series

Element	Trick	Electrode Reaction (Reduction)	Standard Electrode Reduction Potential E° (in volt)
Li	Like	Li⁺ + e^– → Li	-3.05
K	Kareena	K⁺ + e^– → K	-2.925
Ca	Can	Ca²⁺ + 2e^–→ Ca	-2.87
Na	Not	Na⁺ + e^– → Na	-2.714
Mg	Memorize	Mg²⁺ + 2e^– → Mg	-2.37
Al	All	Al³⁺ + 3e^– → Al	-1.66
Zn	Zoology	Zn²⁺ + 2e^– → Zn	-0.7628
Cr	–	Cr³⁺ + 3e^– → Cr	-0.74
Fe	Important	Fe²⁺ + 2e^– → Fe	-0.44
Cd	Concepts	Cd²⁺ + 2e^– → Cd	-0.403
Ni	No	Ni⁺ + 2e^– → Ni	-0.25
Sn	Student	Sn²⁺ + 2e^– → Sn	-0.14
H₂	Has	2H⁺ + 2e^– → H₂	0.00 (Standard)
Cu	Complete	Cu²⁺ + 2e^– → Cu	+0.337
I₂	Information of	I₂ + 2e^– → 2I^–	+0.535
Ag	Silver	Ag⁺ + e^– → Ag	+0.799
Hg	Mercury	Hg²⁺ + 2e^– → Hg	+0.885
Br₂	Because	Br₂ + 2e^– → 2Br^–	+1.08
Cl₂	Chemistry	Cl₂ + 2e^– → 2Cl^–	+1.36
Au	–	Au³⁺ + 3e^– → Au	+1.50
F₂	Flows	F² + 2e^– → 2F^–	+2.87

Trick: Like Kareena Can Not Memorize All Zoology Important Concepts, No student Has Complete Information in Silver Mercury Because Chemistry Flows

Amphoteric Oxides

ZnO, Al₂O₃, BeO, Cr₂O₃, Ga₂O₃, PbO, SnO

Trick: जनाबे अली ने बेकार गाया पंजाबी गाना (song)

Acidic Radicals

Dilute acid group: HCO₃^–, CO₃^2-, CH₃COO^–, NO₂^–, S₂O₃^2-, SO₃^2-, S^2-

Concentrated acid group: Cl^–, Br^–, I^–, NO₃^–, C₂O₄^2-, BO₃^3-, F^–

Special group: SO₄^2-, PO₄^3-, MnO₄^–, CrO₄^2-, Cr₂O₇^2-

Basic Radicals

Group	Radicals
Zero	NH₄⁺
I	Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺
II A	Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Bi³⁺
II B	As³⁺, Sb³⁺, Sn²⁺, Sn⁴⁺
III	Fe³⁺, Cr³⁺, Al³⁺
IV	Mn²⁺, Co²⁺. Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺
V	Ba²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ca²⁺
VI	Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺

Sulphides of II A group is not soluble in yellow ammonium sulphide whereas sulphides of II B are soluble in yellow ammonium sulphide.

n-factor of KMnO₄ in different medium

Medium	n-factor
Basic	1
Neutral	3
Acidic	5

Bases stronger than Hydroxide ion

Ion Formula/Name	Trick
H^–/Hydride	H
O^2-/Oxide	O
O₂^2-/Peroxide	Pe
O₂^–/Superoxide	SO (HOPe SO)
N^3-/Nitride	News
P^3-/Phosphide	Paper
As^3-/Arsenide	Aaj
Sb^3-/Stebenide	Sub
Bi^3-/Bismuthide	Bikega
NH^2-/Imide	India
NH₂^–/Amide	Australia mein

Complex compounds to remember

Na₃[Ag(S₂O₃)₂]
Na₄[Cu₆(S₂O₃)₅]
Na₃[Bi(S₂O₃)₃]

Exceptions of Chromyl Chloride Test

Ions	Ag⁺	Cu₂²⁺	Hg₂²⁺	Sn⁴⁺	Pb⁴⁺
Trick	आज	क्यों	होगा	सुनहरा	पल

Reaction of Metals with Nitric Acid

Following metals become passive with nitric acid:

Metals	Fe	Co	Ni	Cr	Al
Trick	फे	को	नहीं	करारे	आलू

Following metals will give NH₄NO₃ on reaction with dilute and very dilute nitric acid:

Metals	Zn	Sn	Mg	Fe	Mn
Trick	जन	संघ	मांगे	फे	मीना

Following metals will give H2 gas on reaction with concentrated nitrile acid:

Metals	Mn	Mg
Trick	मन	मांगे

Test for Co²⁺ ion

Reaction	Complex
CoO + ZnO → CoO.ZnO	Rinmann’s Green
CoO + MgO → CoO.MgO	Cobalt Pink
CoO + Al₂O₃ → CoO.Al₂O₃	Thenard Blue
CoO + SnO → CoO.SnO	Cobalt Green

Metals and Its Occurence

Metal	Occurence
Lithium	Spodumene LiAlSi₂O₆ Lepidolite (Li, Na, K)₂Al₂(SiO₃)₃.(F, OH)
Sodium	Rock salt NaCl Feldspar Na₃AlSiO₈
Magnesium	Carnallite KCl.MgCl₂.6H₂O Magnesite MgCO₃
Calcium	Lime stone CaCO₃ Dolomite MgCO₃.CaCO₃ Gypsum CaSO₄.2H₂O
Copper	Copper pyrite CuFeS₂ Cuprite Cu₂O Melachite CuCO₃.Cu(OH)₂
Aluminium	Bauxite Al₂O₃.2H₂O Cryolite Na₃AlF₆ Alumino silicates
Zinc	Zinc blende or Sphalerite ZnS Calamine ZnCO₃
Lead	Galena PbS
Tin	Cassiterite SnO₂
Silver	Argentite Ag₂S Hornsilver AgCl
Gold	Native, small amount in mangnese ores such as those of Cu and Ag
Chromium	Chromite Cr₂O₃.FeO

Trick to Learn Periodic Table

Visit here: Best Tricks to Remember Periodic Table | English & Hindi

Famous Process and Related Metals

Process	Related Metal
Poling	Cu, Sn
Parkes process	Ag
Pattinson process	Ag
Cupellation process	Ag
Baeyer’s process	Al
Serpek’s process	Al
Hall’s process	Al
Siemen’s Martins open hearth process	Fe
Bessemer’s process	Fe

Ore – Chemical Formula and its Name

Chemical Formula of Ore	Name of Ore
ZnO	Zincite
Fe₂O₃	Haematite
Fe₃O₄	Magnetite
Al₂O₃.2H₂O	Bauxite
Fe₂O₃.3H₂O	Limonite
Cu₂O	Cuprite or Ruby copper
MnO₂	Pyrolusite
SnO₂	Tinstone or Casseterite
TiO₂	Rutile
FeCr₂O₄ (FeO + Cr₂O₃)	Chromite
Na₂B₄O₇.10H₂O	Borax or Tincal
Ca₂B₆O₁₁.5H₂O	Colemanite
U₃O_x	Pitch Blende
FeO.TiO₂	Ilmenite
PbS	Galena
HgS	Cinnabar
ZnS	Zinc blende or Sphalerite
Cu₂S	Copper glance or Chalcocite
CuFeS₂	Copper pyrite or Chalcopyrite
FeS₂	Iron pyrite or Fool’s gold
Ag₂S	Silver glance or Argentite
NaCl	Rock salt
KCl	Sylvine
CaF₂	Fluorspar
Na₃AlF₆	Cryolite
AgCl	Horn Silver
KCl.MgCl₂.6H₂O	Carnalite
Cu₂Cl(OH)₃	Atacamite
CaCO₃	Limestone
MgCO₃	Magnesite
CaCO₃.MgCO₃	Dolomite
FeCO₃	Siderite
ZnCO₃	Calamine
Cu(OH)₂.CuCO₃ or Cu₂(OH)₂CO₃	Malachite or Basic Copper carbonate
Cu(OH)₂.2CuCO₃	Azurite
PbCO₃	Cerrusite
CaSO₄.2H₂O	Gypsum
MgSO₄.7H₂O	Epsom salt
PbSO₄	Anglesite
BaSO₄	Baryte
Na₂SO₄.10H₂O	Glauber salt
CuSO₄.5H₂O	Chalcanthite
KNO₃	Indian Salt Peter
NaNO₃	Chile Salt Peter

Metals in Living Entities

(a) Magnesium is found in chlorophyll.

(b) Potassium is present in plant roots.

(d) Zinc is present in eyes of cats and cows.

(e) Iron is present in haemoglobin.

(f) Calcium is present in bones.

(g) Vanadium is present in cucumber.

(h) Chromium is present in prawn.

(i) Cobalt is present in cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12).

Alloys and their composition

Alloy	Percentage Composition	Uses
Magnelium	Al: 98%, Mg: 2%	Making balance
Duralumin	Al: 95%, Cu: 4%, Mg: 0.5%, Mn: 0.5%	Aircraft parts, Boat machinery
Aluminium bronze	Al: 10%, Cu: 90%	Making coins, photo frames, utensils, golden paints
Alnico	Al: 20%, Ni: 20%, Co: 10%, Steel: 50%	Permanent magnet
γ-Alloy	Al: 92%, Cu: 4%, Mg: 1.5%, Ni: 2.5%	Pistons and machine parts
Nickeloy	Al: 95%, Cu: 4%, Ni: 1%	Aircraft parts
Pewter	Pb: 20%, Sn: 80%	Utensils
Solder	Pb: 50%, Sn: 50%	Soldering
Type metal	Pb: 75%, Sn: 5%, Sb: 20%	Printing type
Bell metal	Cu: 80%, Sn: 20%	Making bells
Babbit metal	Sn: 90%, Sb: 7%, Cu: 3%	Bearing of machinery
Frary metal	Pb: 97%, Ba: 2%, Ca: 1%	Bearing of machine
Lino type metal	Pb: 83%, Sn: 3%, Sb: 14%	Printing type
Brass	Cu: 70%, Zn: 30%	Utensils
Bronze	Cu: 88-96%, Sn: 4-12%	Utensils, Coins, Statues
Monel metal	Cu: 27%, Ni: 68%, Fe: 5%	Making pumps, turbines of ships, boilers, etc.
German silver	Cu: 50%, Zn: 30%, Ni: 20%	Flower vase and ornaments
Electron	Mg: 95%, Zn: 4.5%, Cu: 0.5%	Parts of aeroplane and motor cars
Dutch metal	Cu: 80%, Zn: 20%	Golden yellow colour used for decorative purpose
Nichrome	Ni, Cr, Fe
Gun metal	Cu: 87%, Zn: 3%, Sn: 10%
Constantan	Cu: 60%, Ni: 40%
Artificial Gold	Cu: 90%, Al: 10%
14 Carat Gold	Au: 54%, Ag: 14-30%, Cu: 12-28%
24 Carat Gold	Au: 100%

Important Compounds with Their Formulae

Name of the Compound	Formula of the Compound
Epsom salt	MgSO₄.7H₂O
Gypsum salt	CaSO₄.2H₂O
Glauber’s salt	Na₂SO₄.10H₂O
Lime water or Slaked lime	Ca(OH)₂
Quick lime	CaO
Washing soda	Na₂CO₃.10H₂O
Crystal carbonate	Na₂CO₃.H₂O
Soda ash	Na₂CO₃
Baking soda	NaHCO₃
Turn Bull’s blue	Fe₃[Fe(CN)₆]₂
Chile salt petre	NaNO₃
Indian salt petre or Nitre ot Chemical refrigerant	KNO₃
Brine or Table salt ot Rock salt	NaCl
Potash ash or Pearl ash	K₂CO₃
Norwegian salt petre	Ca(NO₃)₂
Salt cake	K₂SO₄
Carnallite	KCl.MgCl₂.6H₂O
Hypo	Na₂S₂O₃.5H₂O
Borax or Tincal	Na₂B₄O₇.10H₂O
Barytes or Heavy spar or Barium meal	BaSO₄
Baryta	Ba(OH)₂
Magnesia	MgO
Microcosmic salt	NaNH₄HPO₄.4H₂O
Nitrolium	CaCN₂
Hydrolith	CaH₂
Fusion mixture	Na₂CO₃ + K₂CO₃
Gun powder	KNO₃ + K₂CO₃
Pink salt	(NH₄)₂SnCl₆
Laughing gas or Nitrous oxide	N₂O
Red Lead	Pb₃O₄
Blue vitriol	CuSO₄.7H₂O
Green vitriol	FeSO₄.7H₂O
Chinese White	ZnO
Philosopher’s wool	ZnO
Oil of vitiriol	H₂SO₄
Mohr’s salt or FAS	FeSO₄.(NH₄)₂SO₄.6H₂O
Lunar caustic	AgNO₃
Calomel	Hg₂Cl₂
Corrosive Sublimate	HgCl₂
Potash Alum	K₂SO₄.Al₂(SO₄)₃.24H₂O
Chrome Alum	K₂SO₄.Cr₂(SO₄)₃.24H₂O
Ferric Alum	Fe₂(SO₄)₃.(NH₄)₂SO₄.24H₂O
Chrome Lemon or Yellow chrome	PbCrO₄
Pyrolusite	MnO₂
Cementitte or Iron Carbide	Fe₂C
Nessler’s reagent	K₂HgI₄
Lead sugar	(CH₃COO)₂Pb
White lead	Pb(OH)₂.2PbCO₃
Rock phosphate	Ca₃(PO₄)₂
Rochelle salt	NaOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOK
Flour spar	CaF₂
Anhydrone	Mg(ClO₄)₂
Asbestos	CaMg₃(SiO₃)₄
Sorel’s cement	MgCl₂.5HgO.H₂O
Lithopone	BaSO₄ + ZnS
Witherite	BaSO₃
Tough pitch copper	99.5% pure copper
Lead pencil	Graphite (C)
Aqua regia	Conc. HNO₃ + Conc. HCl (1:3 ratio)
Ammonium alum	(NH₄)₂SO₄.Al₂(SO₄)₃.24H₂O
Sodium alum	Na₂SO₄.Al₂(SO₄)₃.24H₂O
Prussian blue	Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃
Baking powder	NaHCO₃ + Tartaric acid
Plaster of Paris	2CaSO₄.H₂O
Killed salt or Butter of zinc	ZnCl₂.2H₂O
Oxymuriate or Butter of Tin	SnCl₄.5H₂O
Verdigris	Cu(OH)₂.CuCO₃
Bourdex mixture	CuSO₄ (40%) + Lime (60%)
Candy fluid	KMnO₄
Per Hydrol	H₂O₂
White vitriol	ZnSO₄.7H₂O
Sal ammonic	NH₄Cl
Smelling salt	(NH₄)₂SO₄
Fruit salt	Mg(HCO₃)₂
Calgon	Na₂[Na₄(PO₃)₆]
Red chrome	PbCrO₄.PbO
Sorel cement	MgCl₂.5MgO.xH₂O
Silvine	KCl
Alumina	Al₂O₃
Muriatic acid	HCl
Aqua fortis	HNO₃
Silicates	(SiO₄)^4-
Inorganic graphite	(BN)_x
Inorganic benzene	B₃N₃H₆
Boric acid	H₃BO₃
Indian red	Fe₂O₃
Indian yellow or Fishcer salt	K₃[Co(NO₂)₆]
Diborane	B₂H₆
Smuglling agent	Na[Ag(CN)₂]
Caro’s acid	H₂SO₅
Marshells acid	H₂S₂O₇
Tear gas	CCl₃.NO₂
Ziese salt	K[Pt(η²-C₂H₄)Cl₃]H₂O
Vaska’s compound	trans-[Ir(Cl)(CO)(PPh₃)₂]
Cobalt cene	[Co(η⁵-C₅H₅)₂]
Magnesia alba (used in tooth powder and tooth paste)	MgCO₃.Mg(OH)₂.3H₂O
Portland cement	Homogeneous mixture of silicates and aluminates of calcium

Important Facts to Remember

Properties	Elements
Lowest electronegativity	Cesium (Cs), Francium (Fr)
Highest electronegativity	Fluorine
Highest ionisation potential	Helium
Lowest ionisation potential	Cs, Fr
Lowest electron affinity	Noble gases
Highest electron affinity	Chlorine
Lowest electropositive element	Fluorine
Lowest melting point metal	Mercury (Hg)
Highest melting and boiling point metal	Tungsten (W)
Lowest melting and boiling point non-metal	Helium
Notorious element	Hydrogen
Lighest element	Hydrogen
Smallest atomic size	Hydrogem
Largest atomic size	Cs
Largest anion	I^–
Smallest cation	H⁺
Most electropositive element	Cs, Fr
Volatile d-block elements	Zn, Cd, Hg
Most stable element	Tellurium
Highest density metal	Osmium (Os), Iridium (Ir)
Highest density non-metal	Boron
Total number of radioactive element in the periodic table	25
Liquid element of radioactive nature	Francium
Element containing no neutron	Hydrogen
Most abundant element on earth	Oxygen
Rarest element on earth	Astatine (At)
Most abundant metal on earth	Aluminium
Metal showing highest oxidation state	Os (+8)
Most electrovalent compound	CsF
Most stable carbonate	Cs2CO3
Strongest alkali	CsOH
Strongest basic oxide	Cs₂O
Best electricity conductor among metals	Silver (Ag)
Best electricity conductor among non-metals	Graphite
Elements having maximum tendency for catenation	Carbon
Three most electronegative elements	FON (F > O > N)
Group containning maximum number of gaseous elements in the periodic table	Zero group
Amphoteric non-metal	Silicon (Si)
Liquid non-metal	Bromine (Br)
Element sublime on heating	Iodine (I₂)
Noble metals	Au, Ag, Pt
Some polymeric elements	O, S, P
Poorest conductor of electricity	Diamond
Hardest naturally occuring substance	Diamond
Lightest solid metal	Lithium
90% of Sun mass	Hydrogen
Dry bleacher	H₂O₂
Dry ice	Solid CO₂
Element having maximum isotopes	Tin (Sn) (10 isotopes)
Oldest known organic acid	CH₃COOH
Total number of solid elements in the periodic table	89
Amphoteric metal	Be, Zn, Al, Sn, Pb
First man made element	Technicium
Smallest period in the periodic table	Period 1 (contains 2 elements)
Largest period in the periodic table	Period 6 (contains 32 elements)
Largest group in the periodic table	Group IIIB
Most abundant d-block metal	Iron (Fe)
Most abundant s-block metal	Calcium (Ca)
Most poisonous element	Plutonium
Element kept in water	Phosphorous
Neutral oxides of non metals	NO, CO, H₂O, N₂O
Non-metals having metallic lusture	Graphite, Iodine
Heaviest naturally occuring elements	Uranium
Non-metal having highest melting and boiling point	Carbon (Diamond)
Total number of gaseous elements in the periodic table	11 (H, N, O, F, Cl, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)
Total number of liquid elements in the periodic table	5 (Ga, Br, Cs, Hg, Fr)
Elements kept in kerosene	Group 1 elements (e.g., Sodium)
Metalloid elements	B, Si, As, Te, At, Ge, Sb, etc.
Amphoteric oxides	BeO, Al₂O₃, ZnO, PbO, SnO₂, Sb₂O₃, etc.
Artificial explosive	TNT, RDX
Some isomorphous substances	FeSO₄.7H₂O, MgSO₄.7H₂O, ZnSO₄.7H₂O
Some efflorescent substances	Na₂CO₃.10H₂O, MgSO₄.7H₂O, etc.

Precipitate of Basic Radicals

1. Group I radicals are precipitated in the form of chlorides.

Precipitate	Colour of Precipitate
AgCl, Hg₂Cl₂, PbCl₂	White

2. Group IIA and IIB are precipitated in the form of sulphides.

Precipitate	Colour of Precipitate
HgS, PbS, Bi₂S₃	Black
CdS, As₂S₃, SnS₂	Yellow
Sb₂S₃	Orange
SnS	Brown

3. Group III radicals are precipitated in the form of hydroxides.

Precipitate	Colour of Precipitate
Fe(OH)₃	Reddish brown
Cr(OH)₃	Green
Al(OH)₃	Gel white

4. Group IV radicals are precipitated in the form of sulphides.

Precipitate	Colour of Precipitate
MnS	Buff
CoS, NiS	Black
ZnS	White

5. Group V radicals are precipitated in the form of carbonates.

Precipitate	Colour of Precipitate
BaCO₃, SrCO₃, CaCO₃	White

Precipitation Chart

Cation	Anion	Solubility	Exception
Any	HS^–, NO₃^–, NO₂^–, OCl^–, ClO₂^–, ClO₃^–, ClO₄^–, HSO₃^–, HCO₃^–, CH₃COO^–	Yes	ClO₄^– of NH₄⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺, K⁺ are insoluble. AgNO₂ is insoluble. CH₃COOAg is partially soluble.
Na⁺	Any	Yes	Na₂SiO₃ and Na₂PbO₃ are insoluble.
NH₄⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺, K⁺	Any	Yes	ClO₄-, [PbCl₆]^2-, [Co(NO₂)₆]^3- are insoluble.
Any	Cl^–, Br^–, I^–	Yes	Ag⁺, Cu₂²⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺ are insoluble. CuBr₂, PbCl₂, HgCl₂ are soluble in warming and reappear on cooling. HgBr₂, HgI₂, BiI₃ are insoluble.
Any	SO₄^2-	Yes	Ag⁺, Sr²⁺,Ba²⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg2²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sn²⁺ are partially soluble.
Any	O^2-, C₂O₄^2-, OH^–, CO₃^2-, F^–, PO₄^3-	No	NH₄⁺, Na⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺, K⁺ are soluble. BeF₂, AgF are soluble Oxides and Hydroxides of Ca and Ba are partially soluble.
Any	CN^–, OCN^–, SCN^–, S^2-	No	IA, IIA, and Al³⁺, NH₄⁺ are soluble.
Any	CrO₄^2- (similar to SO₄^2-)	Yes	SrCrO₄ is soluble (same as sulphates)
Any	MnO₄^– (similar to ClO₄^–)	Yes	KMnO₄ is soluble.

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