Thermodynamics is the study of flow of heat between system and surrounding. It deals with energy changes accompanying all types of physical and chemical processes. Thermodynamics helps to lay down the criteria for predicting feasibility or spontaneity of a process, including a chemical reaction, under a given set of conditions. It also helps to determine […]
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Solution: Bond angle is inversely proportional to electronegativity of substituents. i.e., Electronegativity of side atom increase then the bond angle (X-P-X) decreases. So, X-P-X or F-P-F bond angle is least in POF3. That’s why the O-P-F is maximum. Hence, the correct order of bond angle for O-P-X in the given molecules
What is the correct order of bond angle for O-P-X in the given molecules? Read More »
Tip: To know the acidic character of haloform, we have to look for the stability of conjugate base What is acidic character? Acidic character is the ability to or a tendency to lose a proton and form a stable conjugate base. Factor acidic character depends Acidic character of the acid depends upon the stability of
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What is acidic character? Acidic character is the ability to or a tendency to lose a proton. Carboxylic acid is highly acidic in nature. Factors responsible for acidic character (acidity) Inductive effect Mesomeric effect Hyperconjugation effect Ortho effect (especially for benzoic acid) Dependency of acidity on the above effects Acidity is directly proportional to -I, -M,
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Pro Tip! Benzamide is less easily hydrolysed because of difference of positive charge density on carbonyl carbon. In hydrolysis reaction, hydroxyl ion (OH–) attacks on the carbonyl carbon, so we need to check out the positive charge density on carbonyl carbon. Solution We know that the nitrogen is less electronegative as compared to oxygen. So,
Benzamide is less easily hydrolysed than methyl benzoate. Why? Read More »
Bredt’s rule relates to bridge heads with carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen double bonds. This rule is first discussed by German Scholar Bredt’s in 1902. What is Bredt’s rule? According to this rule, a bridge head carbon atom of bicyclo compound cannot be sp2 hybridised or in other word a bridge head carbon atom cannot form double
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In this post, everything about steric inhibition of resonance is explained. What is steric inhibition of resonance effect? SIR stands for Steric Inhibition in Resonance. As per its name, steric means size, inhibition means some kind of hindrance and resonance means delocalisation or conjugation. We know that the planarity is the main condition for resonance
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What is sigma resonance or dancing resonance? Sigma resonance or dancing resonance is a special stability mechanism which increases stability of carbocations attached directly to the three membered rings, e.g., cyclopropylmethyl carbocation. Why it occurs? In cyclopropane, all the carbon is sp3 hybridized and the bond angle for the same should be 109°28′, but the
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Phenol and phenoxide ion both are stabilized by resonance. In case of phenol, the lone pair on oxygen atom get delocalize over the benzene ring and this causes a charge separation, i.e., positive charge on oxygen atom while negative charge is on the benzene ring. This type of resonance structures have small contributions to the
Why is the phenoxide ion more stable than phenol? Read More »
